Aryabhata was one of the most prominent Indian physicists in the 5th century. He developed the heliocentric theory of the Solar System, which proposed that the sun was the centre of the universe, not the Earth. He also developed a method for calculating the value of pi and the circumference of a circle, which are still used in today’s mathematics courses.

Brahmagupta was the first physicist to identify the use of zero in Indian mathematics. His book, Brahmasphutasiddanta, explained the basics of mathematics, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, trigonometry, and geometry. This book became the foundation of all modern mathematical knowledge.

Sushruta was an ancient Indian physicist who invented some of the earliest medical devices. He designed cataract surgery, the first medical procedure of its kind. He also developed instruments and techniques for performing various other surgeries, which are still used today.

Bhaskara was another influential ancient Indian physicist. He developed theories of planetary motion and solar eclipses and described astronomical phenomena like comets and stars. He also formulated ideas about gravitational attraction and the movement of celestial bodies.

These ancient Indian physicists made several significant discoveries and significantly advanced the field of physics. Their findings helped shape modern physics’s development, and their legacy still influences our understanding of the universe today.

Indian physicists have made immense contributions to physics in the 20th century. These contributions range from advances in condensed matter and nuclear physics to breakthroughs in particle physics, cosmology, and astrophysics.

Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) is regarded as India’s pioneer of modern physics. His most important contribution was radio communication, for which he became the first to use a semiconductor junction. He also discovered the ionization of gases by thunder, which paved the way for the later development of radar. In addition, he pioneered studies of X-rays, infrared radiation and microwave radiation. His work in physics laid the foundation for many of the modern techniques.

Meghnad Saha (1893-1956) was an Indian astrophysicist who developed a theoretical equation, now known as the Saha equation, which describes ionized gases’ chemical and thermal equilibrium. He also hypothesized the stars’ structure and discovered the radiative equilibrium concept in stellar interiors. His work revolutionized our understanding of stellar evolution and cosmology.

Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974) is best known for his work with Albert Einstein on the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). Bose proposed that particles like photons, atoms, and electrons should have particle-like as well as wave-like properties. This concept contradicted the accepted law of nature at the time. He was the first to propose the statistical effects of multiple particles behaving as one, which paved the way for the development of quantum theory and statistical mechanics.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) was an astrophysicist and Nobel Laureate who made great strides in understanding the structure and evolution of stars. He proposed the Chandrasekhar limit, which states that a star with a mass greater than 1.4 solar masses can collapse into a black hole. His work has had a lasting impact on modern astrophysics.

These physicists laid the foundation for further advancements in Physics in India. Their insights and contributions have paved the way for further research and innovation in the field. Due to their dedicated work, India boasts a growing number of physicists and academics making valuable contributions to Physics.

Dr. Avinash Singh

Assistant Professor

Department of Physics,

Kalinga University, Naya Raipur (C.G)