Mexican prickly poppy: a hidden potential to medicinal world

Dr. Abhijeeta Nandha
Assistant Professor,
Department of Biotechnology,
Kalinga University

Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana) is a versatile plant known for both its striking appearance and its traditional medicinal uses. It is an annual herb that typically reaches heights of up to 1 meter. It features lobed, dark green leaves that are thorny and have a distinctive grayish-green hue. The plant produces showy, bright yellow flowers that bloom throughout the year, followed by elongated seed pods containing small, black seeds. It thrives in disturbed areas, along roadsides, and in fields, making it a common sight in many regions.
Historically, Argemone mexicana has been utilized in various cultures, especially in Mexican folk medicine. Its latex, a milky fluid exuded when the plant is cut, has been a key component in traditional remedies. The plant is often used for:
Pain Relief: The latex is applied topically to relieve pain and has been used in poultices for muscle and joint pain. Some traditional practices involve ingestion for more systemic pain relief.
Anti-inflammatory: The plant’s extracts are commonly used to reduce inflammation, particularly for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. It may also help with swelling from injuries.
Digestive Issues: In traditional herbal medicine, it has been employed to treat gastrointestinal ailments, including diarrhea and dysentery. Preparations often involve teas made from the leaves or roots.
Antimicrobial Properties: Laboratory studies have indicated that extracts from Argemone mexicana possess antibacterial and antifungal activities. This makes it a potential treatment for skin infections and other microbial-related conditions.
Respiratory Relief: The plant has also been used to treat coughs and respiratory ailments, with some preparations aimed at alleviating bronchial irritation.
The plant is rich in bioactive compounds. Key constituents include:
Alkaloids: Sanguinarine, one of the prominent alkaloids, has demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, alkaloids can also be toxic in high doses.
Flavonoids
Terpenes and Glycosides: These are believed to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.
Cautions and Side Effects
Despite its medicinal potential, Argemone mexicana poses risks:
Toxicity: The plant can be toxic, particularly when consumed in excessive amounts. Symptoms of toxicity may include gastrointestinal distress, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, liver damage.
Pregnancy and Lactation: Due to its potential adverse effects, it is generally recommended that pregnant and breastfeeding women avoid using the plant.
Allergic Reactions: Skin contact with the latex can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, leading to dermatitis or other skin irritations.