Touch DNA

Paheli Sharma, Assistant professor, Department of forensic science, Kalinga University
Touch DNA, often termed trace DNA or contact DNA, denotes the DNA deposited through direct or indirect contact with an object or surface. This form of DNA is frequently imperceptible to the unaided eye and can be conveyed with a mere touch, such as handshaking or contact with an object. Notwithstanding its limited volume and possible contamination, touch DNA has demonstrated significant utility in forensic investigations. The application of touch DNA in forensic science has transformed the realm of criminal justice by offering investigators an extra method for associating persons with crime scenes. Historically, DNA analysis depended on biological specimens like blood, semen, and hair, necessitating a substantial quantity of genetic material. Touch DNA enables the analysis of minimal skin cell traces for genetic information, facilitating the identification of offenders in instances when conventional DNA evidence is absent. A primary issue of touch DNA analysis is the risk of contamination. Due to the ease of transfer of touch DNA between surfaces, it is imperative for investigators to implement stringent measures to avert cross-contamination. This entails employing sterile collection methods, donning protective attire, and verifying that all apparatus is adequately sterilized. By upholding a rigorous chain of custody and adhering to established processes, forensic experts can mitigate the possibility of contamination and guarantee the integrity of touch DNA evidence. Notwithstanding the difficulties associated with touch DNA analysis, current technological developments have rendered it a more dependable and sensitive instrument for forensic inquiries. Methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis have markedly enhanced the capacity to extract and examine minute quantities of DNA, facilitating more accurate and exact individual identification. The advancement of portable DNA testing kits has enabled investigators to collect and evaluate touch DNA evidence at crime scenes in real-time, offering critical information to assist in criminal investigations. The application of touch DNA In forensic investigations, it has been pivotal in resolving cold cases and associating suspects with crime sites. Forensic scientists can establish a direct connection between individuals and illegal activity by examining trace amounts of DNA found on objects such as clothing, weapons, and cars. When conventional DNA evidence is absent or ambiguous, touch DNA analysis can furnish essential evidence for identifying and prosecuting criminal offenders. Beyond its utilization in criminal investigations, touch DNA analysis has been employed in domains such as archaeology, anthropology, and paternity testing. Researchers can obtain significant insights about historical and familial links by examining genetic material extracted from ancient artifacts, skeletal remains, and personal possessions. The capacity to extract and analyze DNA from touch samples has unveiled new research opportunities, illuminating historical contexts and enhancing our comprehension of human genetics and evolution. The application of touch DNA analysis, like any forensic method, presents ethical and privacy issues that require thorough examination. The gathering and examination of DNA evidence prompts inquiries regarding consent, access to genetic information, and the possible exploitation of genetic data. Forensic scientists and law enforcement organizations must comply with stringent ethical norms and legislative restrictions to safeguard the privacy and rights of individuals when employing touch DNA analysis in criminal investigations. In conclusion, touch DNA analysis has become an invaluable instrument in forensic science, enabling investigators to associate persons with crime scenes and resolve intricate criminal cases. Notwithstanding the obstacles of contamination and the risk of misuse, technological and methodological developments have rendered touch DNA analysis a more dependable and sensitive approach for identifying suspects and determining culpability. By adhering to stringent regulations and ethical standards, forensic scientists can utilize touch DNA to deliver justice to victims and provide closure to their families. The ongoing advancement and enhancement of touch DNA analysis will surely be pivotal in the future of forensic investigations, aiding in the resolution of enigmas and the elucidation of crimes previously deemed unsolvable.