Various Sophisticated Instruments Used In Drug Discovery And Development

Pharmaceutical instruments cover a wide range of items, supplies, and machinery. In every single step of the manufacturing process, each form of instrumentation plays a significant role. Pharmaceutical instrumentation requires the highest level of precision, reliability, and efficiency. The pharmaceutical development has brought about a revolution in human health. The pharmaceuticals can fulfill their intended purpose only if they are free of impurities and are administered in an appropriate amount. Different chemical and instrumental methods were developed at regular intervals to make drugs serve their purpose which are involved in estimating drugs. An important role for this analytical instrumentation is played by analytical methods. This review emphasizes the role of the analytical instrumentation and the analytical methods in evaluating the drug quality.

The drug development process begins with the discovery of a drug molecule that has shown therapeutic value for diseases of fight, control, or cure. The synthesis and characterization of such molecules, also known as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and their study in order to create preliminary safety and therapeutic efficacy data are prerequisites for the identification of drug candidates for further detailed investigations. The pre-drug discovery studies are based on knowledge of the underlying cause of the disease to be treated, information on how the genes that cause the disease, the interaction of proteins and infected cells, and how they affect these affected cells are changed. On the basis of these evidence, a compound is produced that interacts with the cells affected and could ultimately become the drug molecule or active pharmaceutical ingredient (A.P.I) Drug research and development, understanding the R&D cycle. Various sophisticated instruments are as follow

1 .UV:-

Ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy is a measure of the attenuation of a light beam after a sample is passed through or reflected from a sample surface. Measurements of absorption can be at a single wavelength or over an extended spectrum.

2. NMR:-

Sophisticated and time-consuming activities, often challenging high skill sets. Bench top NMR offers a non-destructive biophysical tool for both accessible and quantitative analysis, especially at the level of the drug product. Bench top NMR in solid state was used to analyze tablet content uniformity and powder weight in vials

3. MASS:-

The characteristics of mass spectrometry have taken it to an exemplary place among analytical methods: unrivaled sensitivity, limits for detection, speed and variety of its applications. Other scientific techniques in pollution control, food safety, forensic science, natural products, or process monitoring are regularly used.

4. FTIR:-

Proteins play a pivotal role in living organisms as the “second part of the genetic code,” facilitating digestion, communication, transportation, and the preservation of structural integrity. The diversity of protein functions is only balanced by the diversity of protein structure, each protein being built in a specific and exquisite manner to fulfill its purpose.

PRANJUL SHRIVASTAVA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

KALINGA UNIVERSITY

Email ID: pranjul.shrivastava@kalingauniversity.ac.in