Bactericidal effect of silver Nanoparticles

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Bactericidal effect of silver Nanoparticles

Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

By – Sakshi Sinha, Assistant professor (Microbiology)

1. INTRODUCTION

Tuberculosis still remain a major global public health problem. The classical treatment protocols are long lasting, the drugs reach the mycobacteria infected macrophage in low amounts or do not persist long enough to develop the desired anti mycobacterial effects and bacteria becomes multi- drug resistance due to long term treatment. The clinical management of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial disease with anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy remains a difficult task. Multi-drug resistance is a growing problem in the treatment of infectious disease and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has produced antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens.

Nanotechnology has provided a huge improvement to pharmacology through the designing of drug delivery systems ability to target phagocytic cells infected by intracellular pathogen, such as mycobacteria. Since ancient times, silver was known for its anti-bacterial effects and it has been used for prevention and control of disparate infections. Silver nanoparticles can be considered a viable alternative to antibiotics and have high potential against multi-drug resistance bacteria. Ag ions and Ag-based compounds are highly toxic to microorganism.

It focuses on the development of a nanotechnology – based drug delivery system for improved bioavailability and sustained release of anti-TB drugs. So, the incorporation of anti-tuberculosis drug with nanoparticles not only increase the intracellular accumulation of these drugs in the cultivated human blood monocytes but also produced enhanced antimicrobial activity of these agents against intracellular M. tuberculosis compared with their activity in extracellular fluid.

The raising rate of tuberculosis and drug-resistance disease implies the need for better diagnostic tools, improved therapy and effective vaccine.

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1. Bacterial strains and culture preparation

B. cereus (ATCC 99815), E. coli (ATCC 10536), M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. Smegmatis were used and was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection.

B. cereus and E. coli was maintained on Nutrient agar and Mycobacterial cells were maintained in L.J medium. The mycobacterial cell suspension was matched with McFarland 1.0 standard and used as inoculum to scruntinize the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles.

2.2. Chemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles can be synthesised by wet chemical techniques. 1% of gelatin was added to an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (1 M) in a flask and the aqueous solution of NaOH (1 M) was added to prepare the sample. Than solution was heated at 60 ⁰C and then an aqueous solution of glucose (2M) was added. Formation of silver nanoparticles indicated by turning of suspension into brown colour. The reaction was allowed for 15 minutes. Then suspension was centrifuged at 15000 rpm to remove unwanted residue in the solution.

2.3. Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles

UV-vis spectroscopy is a reliable technique for the characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles which also used to monitor the stability of AgNPs. It is a very fast, easy, simple and sensitive for different types of nanoparticles. AgNPs has unique optical properties which make them strongly interact with specific wavelengths of light. UV/VIS absorption spectra of the silver particles in the suspension can be taken between the range of 200-600 nm. The morphology of silver nanoparticles was examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).

3. Reference

1. Gianluigi Franci, et.al, Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents, Review 2015, Published 18 may, ISSN- 1420-3049.

2. Xi- Feng Zhang, et.at, Silver Nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, Applications and Therapeutic Approaches, Review 2016, Published 13 September 2016.

3. V.Lakshmi, et.al, Bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Journal of Bionanoscience, Vol. 7, 1-6, 2013, ©American Scientific Publishers.

4. Alexandru- Flaviu, et.al, Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis, International Journal of nanomedicine, Published by Dove Medical Press Limited, 2020.

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